In AC systems, what is the role of the neutral wire?

In an AC (Alternating Current) system, the neutral wire serves a critical function by providing a return path for electric current. In typical household wiring, the live wire carries electricity to the appliance, while the neutral wire completes the circuit by returning the current back to the power source. This ensures that the electric current can flow in a complete loop, allowing appliances to operate safely and effectively.

The neutral wire is typically grounded at the service panel, which helps maintain its voltage close to earth potential. This grounding aspect is important for safety and does not imply that the neutral wire itself functions as a grounding wire for electrical devices, as that is a separate function. The primary role is to ensure that current can return appropriately, maintaining the efficiency and safety of the electrical system.