What is a step-up transformer designed to do?

A step-up transformer is specifically designed to increase voltage from the primary coil to the secondary coil while reducing the current in the same proportion. The operation of a transformer adheres to the principle of conservation of energy, meaning that the power input to the transformer (voltage multiplied by current) is equal to the power output (with some losses due to inefficiencies).

In this case, when voltage is increased, the amount of current that can flow through the circuit decreases, given that the power must remain relatively constant. This relationship can be described by the formula:

Power in (P1) = Power out (P2)

→ V1 * I1 = V2 * I2

Where:

• V1 = Primary voltage

• I1 = Primary current

• V2 = Secondary voltage

• I2 = Secondary current

In a step-up transformer, since V2 (the secondary voltage) is greater than V1 (the primary voltage), it follows that I2 (the secondary current) must be less than I1 (the primary current) in order to maintain equal power levels. Therefore, a step-up transformer effectively raises the voltage while lowering the current, which is conducive to efficient long-distance power transmission.

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