What is the primary function of a transformer?

The primary function of a transformer is to increase or decrease voltage levels while maintaining the same frequency. This is achieved through electromagnetic induction between two or more coils of wire (the primary and secondary coils) wrapped around a magnetic core. When alternating current (AC) flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field that induces a current in the secondary coil.

In applications such as power transmission, transformers are crucial for adjusting voltage levels to optimize the efficiency of electricity delivery over long distances. High voltages are used to minimize energy loss, while lower voltages are used for safe distribution and usage in homes and businesses. This capability makes transformers essential components in electrical systems, facilitating safe and effective power handling.

The other functions listed are not performed by transformers. They do not convert AC to DC voltage, measure electrical consumption, or store electrical energy, which are tasks managed by other electrical devices and systems. This distinct function of voltage adjustment highlights the critical role transformers play in electricity distribution and utilization.