What is the primary role of a diode in an electrical circuit?

The primary role of a diode in an electrical circuit is to allow current to flow in one direction only. This property of diodes is referred to as rectification. A diode consists of a semiconductor material that has been doped to create a p-n junction, which has distinct electrical characteristics. When forward biased, the diode conducts current easily, allowing it to flow through. Conversely, when reverse biased, it blocks current flow, preventing it from passing through the circuit.

This unidirectional flow is essential in various applications, such as converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), protecting circuits from reverse polarity, and managing voltage levels. In summary, the diode's core function of allowing current to flow in one direction is crucial for controlling the behavior of electrical circuits and ensuring their proper operation.